Índia

Índia, officially known as the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south, the Arabian Sea to the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal to the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west, China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast, and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. With a population of over 1.4 billion people, India is the world’s most populous country and the seventh-largest by land area.

India is a federal parliamentary democratic republic with a diverse cultural, linguistic, and ethnic landscape. It is home to over 1,600 spoken languages, with Hindi and English serving as official languages at the national level. The country is also known for its rich historical heritage, spanning ancient civilizations such as the Indus Valley, the Maurya Empire, and the Mughal Empire. Major religious traditions practiced in India include Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, and Jainism, contributing to its cultural and spiritual diversity.

India’s economy is the fifth-largest by nominal GDP and the third-largest by purchasing power parity, driven by sectors such as agriculture, manufacturing, and services. It is a founding member of major international organizations, including the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement, and the G20. The country has made significant strides in space exploration, technology, and nuclear energy, with achievements such as the Chandrayaan lunar missions and the development of indigenous nuclear capabilities.

Despite its progress, India faces challenges including poverty, regional disparities, and environmental concerns. Efforts are underway to improve infrastructure, education, and healthcare while promoting sustainable development. India’s strategic importance in global affairs, particularly in South Asia, continues to shape its foreign policy, which emphasizes regional cooperation and economic growth.