wrappers

Wrappers are structures that enclose another object to provide a controlled interface, protection, or added behavior. The term is used across domains, especially in software engineering and consumer packaging.

In software, a wrapper is code that wraps a function, library, or service to translate interfaces, adapt data formats, or apply cross-cutting concerns such as logging or error handling. Wrappers simplify use of complex libraries, enable cross-language calls, and provide stable, uniform APIs. Common forms include API wrappers (client libraries), language bindings, and wrappers around system calls. Design patterns such as the Wrapper or Adapter pattern describe how wrapping can present a different interface while delegating to the wrapped component. Examples include Python wrappers around C libraries, Java Native Interface wrappers, and JavaScript wrappers around browser APIs.

In packaging, wrappers are thin coverings such as plastic film, foil, or wax paper that surround a product. They protect contents, help preserve freshness, enable branding, and provide tamper evidence. Some wrappers are resealable and carry regulatory information.

Practical considerations include potential performance or maintenance overhead, licensing considerations when wrapping proprietary software, and the need to ensure that wrappers do not obscure functionality or breach terms of use. When well designed, wrappers increase interoperability and reuse while keeping the original component intact.