whelping

Whelping is the process by which a female dog, or dam, gives birth to puppies. The term whelp refers to a young dog, and the word is used both for the event and for newborns. Whelping typically occurs in a quiet, clean area prepared in advance, such as a whelping box.

Gestation lasts about 58 to 68 days, averaging 63 days. Whelping has three stages: stage 1 is nesting and mild contractions; stage 2 is active labor delivering puppies; stage 3 is expulsion of the placentas.

Signs include restlessness, panting, trembling, nesting, and a drop in body temperature preceding labor. As contractions begin, puppies are delivered at intervals. Prepare a warm, clean area and monitor for signs of distress.

During whelping, keep the dam in a quiet, secure space with water and a comfortable surface. Do not force puppies or pull cords. If a puppy is not breathing, clear the airways and gently rub the chest; seek veterinary help if problems persist.

Complications include dystocia or prolonged labor, weak contractions, or a puppy stuck in the birth canal. Warning signs are lack of progress despite strong contractions, long intervals between pups, or abnormal discharge. Seek veterinary assistance for prolonged labor or distress.

After delivery, ensure warmth and nursing. The dam licks and dries the puppies, aiding breathing and circulation. Monitor each pup’s weight and nursing. Contact a veterinarian if any pup is weak, fails to nurse within 24 hours, or if the dam shows illness after whelping.