waterproofed

Waterproofed describes a material, component, or product that has been treated or constructed to prevent water from passing through or entering. It implies a level of protection defined by testing or standards, often contrasted with water-resistant (partial protection) and waterproof (completely impervious under stated conditions).

Waterproofing methods span several fields. In construction, waterproofing may involve membranes, sealants, and barriers applied to roofs, basements, and foundations. Common approaches include bituminous and polymer-modified bitumen membranes, rubberized asphalt, elastomeric coatings, and liquid-applied polyurethane or silicone coatings. Lap seams, flashings, and gaskets are used to seal joints. In civil engineering, waterproofing systems often incorporate drainage and vapor barriers.

In textiles and apparel, fabrics are waterproofed with coatings or laminates such as polyurethane, PVC, or laminated films, and may include breathable membranes like micro-porous or ePTFE to allow vapor while blocking liquid water. Durable water repellents (DWR) are used as surface treatments to cause water to bead and roll off, though they are not permanent and can degrade with washing.

In electronics and consumer devices, waterproofing includes conformal coatings, potting compounds, sealed housings, and gaskets, with devices rated for ingress protection (IP ratings) to specify water resistance levels.

Testing and standards vary by domain. Waterproofing is evaluated through hydrostatic pressure tests, leak tests, or IP rating schemes. Textiles may be tested with water column or rainfall tests; building products with field and lab tests per ASTM or ISO standards.

Maintenance and durability: Waterproofed surfaces can degrade over time through wear, UV exposure, or cleaning agents; reproofing or resealing may be required. Historically, waterproofing used natural substances such as pitch and tar; modern systems use synthetic polymers and membranes.