vöðvaörð

Vöðvaörð, commonly known as muscle cramps or charley horses, refers to sudden and involuntary contractions of one or more muscles. These contractions can cause sharp pain and a hardening of the affected muscle, often leading to limited mobility. Muscle cramps typically occur in the legs, particularly the calf muscles, but can also affect other muscle groups such as the arms, abdomen, or back.

The exact cause of muscle cramps is not always clear, but several factors may contribute to their occurrence. Dehydration, electrolyte imbalances (such as low levels of potassium, calcium, or magnesium), overexertion, muscle fatigue, and poor circulation are among the most common triggers. Certain medications, medical conditions like diabetes or thyroid disorders, and even pregnancy can also increase the likelihood of experiencing muscle cramps.

Prevention of muscle cramps often involves maintaining proper hydration, consuming a balanced diet rich in essential electrolytes, and gradually increasing physical activity to avoid overexertion. Stretching before and after exercise can help reduce muscle fatigue and lower the risk of cramps. For those prone to nighttime cramps, elevating the legs or gently massaging the affected area may provide relief.

When a muscle cramp occurs, immediate measures such as gentle stretching, applying heat or cold compresses, or massaging the muscle can help alleviate the discomfort. In severe or persistent cases, medical evaluation is recommended to rule out underlying conditions. While muscle cramps are generally harmless, they can be painful and disruptive, so understanding their causes and adopting preventive strategies can help manage them effectively.