vérrögzése

Vérrögzése, commonly referred to as blood clotting or coagulation, is a vital physiological process that prevents excessive bleeding. When a blood vessel is injured, the body initiates a complex cascade of events involving platelets and clotting factors. Platelets are small, irregular-shaped cells that aggregate at the site of injury, forming a temporary plug. This platelet plug is then reinforced by a fibrin mesh, a protein network that strengthens the clot and seals the damaged vessel.

The coagulation cascade is a series of enzymatic reactions that ultimately lead to the conversion of fibrinogen, a soluble protein in the blood, into fibrin, an insoluble protein. This process is tightly regulated to ensure that clotting occurs only when and where it is needed. Without effective blood clotting, even minor injuries could lead to life-threatening hemorrhage.

Disruptions in the coagulation process can lead to either excessive bleeding (hemorrhage) or the formation of unwanted clots within blood vessels (thrombosis). Conditions like hemophilia are characterized by deficiencies in specific clotting factors, leading to impaired clotting and increased bleeding risk. Conversely, thrombotic disorders, such as deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, involve the formation of clots in inappropriate locations, which can obstruct blood flow and cause serious health problems. Anticoagulant medications are often used to prevent or treat such thrombotic events.