vélos

Vélos, commonly translated as bicycles, are two-wheeled, human-powered vehicles used for transport, recreation, and sport. They consist of a frame, a steering mechanism (handlebars), a drivetrain that translates pedal motion into wheel rotation via a chain, and brakes. Vélos vary by use: road bikes for speed on pavement; mountain bikes for rough terrain; city and commuter bikes for everyday travel; touring bikes for long trips; cargo and tandem designs for loads or multiple riders. Electrically assisted vélos, or vélos électriques, are increasingly common, adding a motor to pedaling.

History: The concept emerged in the 19th century with the draisienne and velocipede. The modern form, with two equal wheels and chain drive, developed in the 1870s and 1880s and was popularized by the safety bicycle. Materials shifted from wrought iron to steel, then aluminum and composites, while gears, brakes, and suspensions evolved to improve efficiency and safety.

Design and components: A typical vélo has a frame made of steel, aluminum, or carbon; wheels with rims and hubs; a crankset, chain, and gears; and braking systems (rim or disc). Suspension may be present on mountain or touring bikes. Regular maintenance includes checking tires, lubricating the chain, adjusting gears, reviewing brakes, and keeping the headset and wheels true. Proper fit—seat height, handlebar reach, and saddle position—improves comfort and efficiency.

Impact and usage: Bicycles provide efficient, low-emission transport and health benefits from physical activity. They support urban mobility by reducing congestion and space needs compared with motor vehicles, though infrastructure such as bike lanes and secure parking influences adoption. Safety regulations vary by country, but common requirements include lights and reflectors, while helmet use and traffic rules differ. Electric models are subject to speed and power limits in many regions.