välispihkude

Välispihkude, often translated as "external firs" or "foreign firs," refers to coniferous trees, specifically those belonging to the genus *Abies*, that are not native to a particular region but have been introduced or planted there. This term is most commonly encountered in the context of Estonian flora and forestry, where it distinguishes introduced species of *Abies* from the native European Silver Fir (*Abies alba*).

The introduction of foreign fir species is often driven by forestry practices, such as afforestation or the creation of mixed stands to enhance biodiversity or improve timber production. Some commonly introduced species might include the Grand Fir (*Abies grandis*), Noble Fir (*Abies procera*), or Douglas Fir (*Pseudotsuga menziesii*), although the latter is not technically a true fir (*Abies*).

The presence of välispihkude can have ecological implications. While they can contribute to forest cover and provide habitats, there is also the potential for introduced species to outcompete native flora, alter soil conditions, or become invasive if they are able to reproduce and spread aggressively. Forest management strategies in Estonia and similar regions often involve monitoring the spread and impact of these introduced conifers. Understanding the distinction between native and foreign firs is crucial for accurate ecological assessments and informed forestry decisions.