vulkanizasyon
Vulkanizasyon, or vulcanization, is a chemical process by which the polymer chains in rubber are cross-linked to form a three-dimensional network. The process increases elasticity, strength, heat resistance, and chemical stability, allowing rubber to return to its original shape after deformation. It is commonly achieved by heating natural or synthetic rubber with sulfur and accelerators, in the presence of activators and fillers. The term is often used in Turkish as vulkanizasyon.
History: The process was discovered by Charles Goodyear in 1839, when he heated rubber with sulfur. The
Mechanism: Sulfur atoms form cross-links (polysulfide or disulfide bridges) between adjacent polymer chains, transforming the viscous
Process and parameters: Vulcanization typically occurs at 140–180°C, with curing times varying by formulation, thickness, and
Applications: The technique underpins modern tire production and is widely used to manufacture belts, hoses, gaskets,
Environmental aspects: Vulcanization consumes energy and involves additives that require handling and controls for emissions and