viskózního

Viskózní (also known as rayon) is a semi-synthetic textile fiber derived from regenerated cellulose. It is one of the earliest developed man-made fibers and was first produced in the late 19th century. The term "viscose" refers to the alkaline solution used in its production process, which dissolves cellulose to create a viscous liquid.

The manufacturing process begins with wood pulp, typically from trees like eucalyptus or spruce, which is chemically processed to remove lignin and other impurities. The purified cellulose is then dissolved in a solution of sodium hydroxide and carbon disulfide, forming viscose. This viscous liquid is extruded through spinnerets into an acid bath, where it solidifies into fine fibers. The fibers are then washed, stretched, and treated to achieve the desired properties.

Viscose is known for its softness, drape, and breathability, making it a popular choice for garments such as blouses, dresses, and lingerie. It also absorbs moisture well, which contributes to its comfort in warm weather. However, it is less durable than natural fibers like cotton or wool and can shrink or lose shape when exposed to high heat or prolonged washing.

Due to its biodegradable nature, viscose is considered more environmentally friendly than fully synthetic fibers like polyester. However, the production process involves toxic chemicals, and proper disposal of wastewater is crucial to minimize ecological impact. Modern advancements aim to reduce the environmental footprint by using closed-loop systems and sustainable sourcing of cellulose.

Viscose is often blended with other fibers to enhance strength, elasticity, or wrinkle resistance. It remains a versatile and widely used textile in the fashion industry, balancing affordability with desirable fabric qualities.