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Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. It describes the internal friction of a moving fluid. A fluid with large viscosity resists motion because its molecular makeup gives it a lot of internal friction. For example, honey is more viscous than water. Viscosity is a property of fluids, not solids, and it is temperature-dependent. As temperature increases, the viscosity of a fluid generally decreases. This is because higher temperatures cause the molecules to move faster and more freely, reducing their interaction and thus the internal friction.

Viscosity is typically measured in units of Pascal-seconds (Pa·s) or Poise (P). It is an important parameter in various fields, including engineering, chemistry, and geology. In engineering, viscosity is crucial for designing systems involving fluid flow, such as pipelines and hydraulic systems. In chemistry, it is used to characterize the behavior of liquids and solutions. In geology, viscosity plays a role in the movement of magma and the flow of lava.

There are two types of viscosity: dynamic viscosity and kinematic viscosity. Dynamic viscosity, often simply called viscosity, is the measure of a fluid's internal resistance to flow. It is defined as the ratio of shear stress to the rate of shear strain. Kinematic viscosity, on the other hand, is the ratio of dynamic viscosity to the fluid's density. It is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow under the influence of gravity.

Viscosity is influenced by several factors, including temperature, pressure, and the presence of other substances. For example, adding a solute to a solvent can increase the solution's viscosity. This is why adding salt to water increases its viscosity. Similarly, increasing the pressure on a fluid can also increase its viscosity. However, these effects are not universal and can vary depending on the specific fluid and conditions.