verpa

Verpa is a genus of fungi in the family Morchellaceae that includes several spring-fruiting species commonly known as thimble-cap mushrooms. These fungi occur in temperate regions of North America, Europe, and Asia, typically growing on the forest floor in association with deciduous trees. They are saprotrophic, feeding on decaying organic matter in soil.

The fruit bodies of Verpa are usually small to medium in size and have a tall, smooth, hollow stem with a cap that is conical to bell-shaped and wrinkled or ribbed. A distinguishing feature is that the cap is attached to the stem only at the apex, with the rest of the cap hanging freely. The interior of both stem and cap is generally hollow. Coloration ranges from pale to brownish hues, varying among species.

Two commonly encountered species are Verpa bohemica, often called the early false morel, and Verpa conica, sometimes referred to as the bell or early false morel. They emerge in spring and can appear singly or in loose groups, sometimes in grassy or open woodland areas.

Edibility and safety notes are cautious. Some Verpa species have been eaten in various culinary traditions when properly identified and prepared, but there is a risk of gastrointestinal upset for some individuals. More importantly, Verpa species can be confused with true morels (Morchella) and with other toxic look-alikes such as Gyromitra species, making reliable identification essential. Because of these risks, foragers are advised to be certain of identification, to cook Verpa thoroughly, and to consider local guidance on edible mushrooms.