vehemence

Vehemence refers to the quality of displaying intense energy, passion, or force in expression or action. It can describe emotional intensity, the strength of a belief or argument, or the physical force of an action or natural phenomenon. The sense is often metaphorical when applied to speech or writing but can also be literal in describing violence or physical force.

Etymology and scope: Vehemence derives from the Latin vehemens meaning violent, ardent, or powerful. In English, the noun has been in use since at least the 16th century, retaining both emotional and forceful implications. The term is versatile, applicable to feelings, rhetoric, actions, and natural events, though it often carries connotations of intensity rather than moderation.

Usage and nuance: In rhetoric, vehemence characterizes fervent or impassioned style, sometimes suggesting intensity at the expense of moderation. Phrases such as “the vehemence of his argument” or “speaking with vehemence” convey strong conviction. In everyday language, vehemence can be admired for sincerity or criticized for being abrasive or dogmatic. It also appears in descriptions of physical impact or natural phenomena, as in the vehemence of a storm or a blow.

Related terms and contrasts: Vehemence is related to intensity, fervor, zeal, and ardor, and it contrasts with restraint, calmness, and moderation. In literary and rhetorical contexts, it may function as a deliberate stylistic choice that shapes tone and audience response.