variegate

Variegate is a verb meaning to diversify in appearance by introducing different colors, or to cause something to display varied colors. The noun form variegation refers to the condition or result of such color variation. The word derives from Latin variegatus, from varius “varied” and variegare “to make variegated.”

In botany, variegation describes leaves or tissues that display two or more colors, often green with white, yellow, or cream patches or lines. It arises from genetic mutations, chimerism (the coexistence of two or more genetically distinct cell lines), or viral infections. Variegation patterns include sectorial (distinct colored sectors in a leaf), meristic, or marbled appearances. Variegated tissues typically have reduced photosynthetic capacity and may be more sensitive to environmental stress. Consequently, variegated plants are often propagated vegetatively to preserve the pattern, since seeds may yield nonvariegated offspring.

In horticulture, variegation is highly valued for ornamental appeal. Common variegated cultivars include pothos, begonias, coleus, caladiums, and other houseplants. The stability of variegation can vary; some cultivars maintain the pattern in cuttings and tissue culture, while others may revert if the genetic basis is not preserved.

Variegate can also describe the broader use of color mixing in nonbotanical contexts, such as variegated yarns, fabrics, paints, or decorative surfaces that display multiple colors or blended patterns.

See also: variegation.