valószín

Valószín is a Hungarian term that relates to the concept of probability. In most formal Hungarian texts, the standard word for the subject is valószínűség, while valószín is not used as a separate technical term. It may appear as a linguistic stem within compounds or in informal usage, but the formal notion of probability is typically expressed with valószínűség and related adjectives such as valószínű.

Probability is a foundational concept in statistics and probability theory that measures how likely it is that a given event will occur. In mathematical terms, probability is defined on a set of outcomes (a sample space) together with a collection of events (a sigma-algebra) and a probability measure that assigns to each event a number between 0 and 1. The measure of the certain event equals 1, and the measure is additive over disjoint events. These axioms, known as Kolmogorov's axioms, provide the formal basis for reasoning about randomness.

In practice, probability is interpreted in several ways. Classical probability uses counting arguments in finite sample spaces. Frequentist probability interprets a probability as a long-run relative frequency of an event in repeated trials. Bayesian probability views probability as a degree of belief updated by data. Probability theory supports a wide range of tools, including random variables, expectation, distributions, conditional probability, independence, and limit theorems, which underpin statistical inference and modeling.

Examples include the probability of a fair coin landing heads (P = 0.5) or the probability of drawing an ace from a standard deck (P = 4/52). Notation commonly uses P(A) or Pr(A) to denote the probability of event A. In Hungarian-language texts, valószínűség serves as the primary term, while valószín may appear only as a base or in non-technical contexts.