vaccínia
Vaccínia, commonly known as vaccinia virus, is a large, enveloped double-stranded DNA virus of the Orthopoxvirus genus in the family Poxviridae. It is best known for its historical role in smallpox vaccination, where live vaccinia virus is used to elicit protective immunity against variola virus. The precise origin of the vaccine strain is unclear; various strains have circulated since the 19th century, with modern use often favoring safer derivatives for research and vaccination.
Biology: Vaccínia replicates in the cytoplasm of infected cells, carrying its own transcriptional and replication machinery.
Applications: Historically, vaccination with vaccinia conferred immunity to smallpox. Today, vaccínia is used as a vector
Safety: Vaccination with vaccinia can cause local skin reactions and systemic symptoms; rare but serious adverse
Eradication: Smallpox was eradicated globally in 1980, largely due to vaccination programs that used vaccinia-based vaccines.