usabilityTests

Usability tests, also called usability testing, are a technique in user-centered design in which representative users attempt to complete tasks with a product, service, or prototype to identify usability problems and learn how real users interact with the design. The goal is to improve learnability, efficiency, and satisfaction, and tests can be formative—used to guide early iterations—or summative, used to validate readiness for release.

The testing process typically involves defining objectives and success criteria, recruiting participants that resemble the target user group, designing realistic tasks, choosing a moderated or unmoderated test approach, and conducting sessions. Test sessions may be conducted in a lab, remotely, or in the field, and often employ think-aloud protocols or post-task debriefs to elicit user reasoning and feedback. Sessions are recorded for later analysis, and findings are summarized in an issue log.

Common data collected includes quantitative metrics such as task success rate, time on task, number of errors, and completion rate, as well as qualitative observations about navigation, comprehension, and satisfaction. Tools may include screen and audio/video recording, click tracking, and usability scales like the System Usability Scale (SUS). Analysts categorize problems by severity, estimate impact, and generate prioritized recommendations to inform design changes.

Deliverables typically include an issues list with severity ratings, supporting evidence, and actionable redesign suggestions, along with recommendations for future testing. Limitations include small, non-representative samples and artificial testing conditions; findings are best interpreted alongside broader UX research.