urinesticks

Urine sticks, also called urine test strips or dipsticks, are disposable plastic strips coated with multiple chemically impregnated pads designed to detect several constituents in urine. When the strip is briefly dipped into a fresh urine sample and then removed, each pad changes color in response to the concentration of a specific analyte. After a short wait, the resulting color on each pad is compared to a reference chart or read by a small meter to yield a semi-quantitative result. They are commonly used in clinical laboratories, clinics, and home settings for rapid screening and monitoring.

Commonly tested parameters include pH, protein (often albumin), glucose, ketones, bilirubin, urobilinogen, nitrite, leukocyte esterase, blood, and sometimes specific gravity. Some strips also assess additional markers or provide separate panels with varying combinations of tests. The results are typically reported as negative, trace, or a numeric range corresponding to approximate concentrations.

Uses and interpretation vary by context. They are useful for initial screening for urinary tract infections, diabetes management, kidney disease, liver conditions, dehydration, and monitoring of certain therapies. However, urine sticks provide semi-quantitative results and can be affected by urine concentration, color, contamination, or interfering substances. They should not replace laboratory testing or clinical assessment when precise measurements are needed or when symptoms persist.

Storage and handling require following manufacturer's instructions: keep packets sealed, store in a dry place at recommended temperatures, use before expiration, and follow proper dipping and timing procedures.