unilineális

Unilineal is a term used in anthropology and sociology to describe social systems or descent groups that trace lineage through only one parent, either the mother or the father. This is in contrast to bilateral systems, where descent is traced through both parents.

There are two main forms of unilineal descent. Patrilineal descent traces lineage through the father's line. This means that a child belongs to their father's clan, tribe, or family, and inherits property and social status through their father. In patrilineal societies, males typically hold positions of authority and are responsible for passing down lineage.

Matrilineal descent traces lineage through the mother's line. In such systems, a child belongs to their mother's clan and inherits through her. While the mother is central to the lineage, social authority often rests with her brother or other male relatives. Matrilineal societies are not matriarchal; the father's role in the family unit remains significant, but not in terms of lineage transmission.

Unilineal systems are common across many cultures worldwide and play a crucial role in defining social structure, kinship, inheritance, and political organization. They provide a clear framework for determining group membership and responsibilities. The choice of tracing descent through one parent rather than both has significant implications for how power, property, and identity are distributed within a society.