unctuous

Unctuous is an adjective with two primary senses. Literally, it describes something oily or greasy to the touch, often applied to foods, substances, or cosmetics with a smooth, rich texture. Figuratively, it characterizes a person or speech as excessively ingratiating, insincere, or morally self-serving.

Etymology traces unctuous to Latin unctuosus meaning smeared with oil, from unguere meaning to anoint or smear. The word entered English with the sense of oiliness and later broadened to describe behavior or rhetoric that feels insincerely flattering or morally dubious.

Usage varies by context. When referring to people or speech, unctuous typically carries a negative connotation, as in unctuous compliments or an unctuous salesman. In culinary or sensory descriptions, the term can be neutral or mildly positive, denoting a rich, smooth, and sometimes slightly greasy mouthfeel. In scientific or culinary discussion, unctuous substances may be described as viscous and cohesive, often leaving a lingering coating.

Related terms include oily and smarmy, which share the sense of excessive affectation. The noun form unctuousness denotes the quality or state of being unctuous. While synonyms exist, unctuous often implies a deliberate, affective display rather than a mere physical property.

See also: smarmy, oily, slick; unctuousness.