ingratiating

Ingratiating is an adjective describing behavior or actions intended to win favor or approval from others, often through flattery, compliant attitudes, or submissive deference. The term derives from Latin ingratiatus, past participle of ingratiari, meaning to ingratiate, from in- 'in' + gratus 'pleasing, welcome'.

It is commonly used to characterize behavior aimed at a person in authority or someone whose goodwill is sought, such as a supervisor, patron, or potential ally. While it can be harmless social tact, it frequently carries a negative or critical connotation when the behavior appears insincere or manipulative, rather than genuine friendliness.

Typical forms of ingratiating behavior include flattery, excessive agreement, offering help in ways that serve the flatterer’s aims, and aligning oneself with the other person’s preferences or interests. In social psychology, such behavior can be viewed as an attempt to establish rapport or gain influence, sometimes at the expense of authenticity.

Related terms include fawning, obsequious, sycophantic, and subservient. Antonyms include candid, forthright, independent, and aloof. The term is used across fields such as workplace dynamics, politics, and interpersonal relationships.