tyvisolukarsinooma

Tyvisolukarsinooma, the Finnish term for basal cell carcinoma (BCC), is the most common form of skin cancer. It originates from the basal cells of the epidermis and typically develops in sun-exposed areas such as the face, neck, and ears. It grows slowly and rarely metastasizes, but can cause significant local tissue damage if untreated.

Most lesions are a pearly papule with telangiectasia, may ulcerate, or appear as a flat, scaly, flesh-colored patch. Subtypes include nodular, superficial, morpheaform, and pigmented variants.

Primary risk factors include chronic ultraviolet radiation exposure, fair skin, older age, male sex, immunosuppression, and genetic conditions like basal cell nevus syndrome. BCCs arise from mutations in pathways such as the hedgehog signaling pathway, notably PTCH1 and SMO.

Diagnosis relies on clinical examination and histopathological confirmation by biopsy. Treatment options include surgical excision with standard margins; Mohs micrographic surgery for facial and cosmetically sensitive areas; curettage with electrodessication; cryotherapy; and topical therapies (imiquimod, 5-fluorouracil) for superficial BCC. Radiation therapy is used for non-surgical candidates or for specific situations.

BCC has an excellent prognosis when treated; metastasis is rare. Recurrence can occur, particularly with neglected lesions or certain subtypes. Regular skin checks after treatment are recommended.