tytanu

Tyjanu? The correct spelling in Polish is tytan, with tytanu being the genitive form used in phrases like “oxide of titanium.” In encyclopedia-style terms, this article refers to the chemical element titanium (symbol Ti, atomic number 22). Titanium is a transition metal renowned for a high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility.

Occurrence and production: Titanium is the ninth most abundant element in the Earth’s crust, primarily found in minerals such as ilmenite (FeTiO3) and rutile (TiO2). It is not present as a free metal in nature. Commercial production uses the Kroll process, in which titanium tetrachloride is reduced with magnesium to yield metallic titanium, which is then refined into usable ingots and alloys.

Properties: Titanium has a low density of about 4.5 g/cm3 and a high melting point around 1,668°C. It forms a stable, protective oxide layer (TiO2) that gives it excellent corrosion resistance. Its most important alloys, such as Ti-6Al-4V (comprising aluminum and vanadium), offer enhanced strength and stiffness. Titanium is relatively biocompatible, minimizing adverse reactions in the human body.

Isotopes and safety: Natural titanium consists of several stable isotopes, with Ti-48 being the most abundant. Titanium and many of its compounds are considered non-toxic and safe for many applications, although fine titanium powders require appropriate industrial handling.

Applications: The combination of light weight, strength, and corrosion resistance makes titanium valuable in aerospace, automotive, medical implants, chemical processing equipment, sports equipment, and durable consumer products. Its corrosion resistance also supports use in harsh environments and medical devices.