turningbased

Turn-based, sometimes written as turn based, is a term used in game design to describe systems where players act during discrete turns rather than in a continuous real-time flow. In a turn-based structure, each participant selects actions, resolves outcomes, and then proceeds to the next turn. This contrasts with real-time systems where actions occur concurrently and progress without distinct pauses.

Mechanics in turn-based games vary, but common elements include a defined turn order, action points or resource pools, and a resolution phase where the effects of chosen actions are applied. Turn order can be fixed or dynamically determined by attributes such as initiative, speed, or current terrain. Many games separate planning and execution, allowing players to think through moves before they are carried out. In grid-based tactical titles, movement and combat typically follow a set sequence, while in turn-based RPGs, encounters play out through menu-driven choices.

Variants and subgenres include turn-based strategy (TBS), which focuses on broad, strategic control of multiple units and territories; turn-based tactics (TBT), which emphasizes squad-level combat on structured maps; and turn-based role-playing games (TBPRG), which combine narrative choices with combat that proceeds in turns. Some titles blend turn-based logic with real-time elements, such as real-time with pause or hybrid systems, but the core mechanic remains distinct turns.

History and examples trace a lineage from traditional board games to computer strategy. Early computer adaptations of chess-like play and grand strategy titles popularized the format, with notable milestones including turn-based Civilisation-style games, X-COM: UFO Defense, and tactical RPGs like Final Fantasy Tactics. Turn-based design remains prominent for its emphasis on planning, strategy, and accessibility.