tumormiljøets

Tumormiljøet, often referred to as the tumor microenvironment (TME), is the complex ecosystem surrounding a tumor. It is not just composed of cancer cells but also includes a diverse array of non-cancerous cells, extracellular matrix, and signaling molecules. These components interact dynamically with the tumor cells, influencing tumor growth, progression, metastasis, and response to therapy.

Key cellular components of the TME include cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), immune cells such as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), endothelial cells that form blood vessels, and pericytes. CAFs can promote tumor growth and invasion by secreting growth factors and remodeling the extracellular matrix. Immune cells can have dual roles, either suppressing anti-tumor immunity or directly attacking cancer cells. Endothelial cells are crucial for tumor angiogenesis, the process by which tumors develop new blood vessels to supply themselves with nutrients and oxygen, facilitating growth and metastasis.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) within the TME, composed of proteins like collagen and fibronectin, provides structural support but also actively participates in cell signaling and migration. Signaling molecules, including cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, mediate communication between different TME components and with the tumor cells, orchestrating the overall behavior of the tumor.

Understanding the intricate composition and interactions within the tumormiljøet is vital for developing effective cancer treatments. Therapies targeting the TME aim to disrupt these supportive networks, re-educate immune cells, or normalize blood vessel formation, thereby hindering tumor progression and enhancing the efficacy of conventional treatments.