tsüsti

Tsüsti is the Estonian term for a cyst, a closed sac or pouch that can form in any tissue or organ. It is usually filled with fluid, air, or semi-solid material. Cysts can be congenital or develop later in life and vary widely in size and clinical significance.

Cysts are commonly classified by their contents and structure. Simple cysts contain clear fluid and have thin, smooth walls, while complex cysts may have thick walls, septations, or solid components and sometimes require further evaluation. They can occur in many organs, with kidney, liver, ovarian, pancreatic, and breast cysts among the most frequently encountered.

Causes include obstruction of ducts, tissue degeneration, infection or inflammation, trauma, and genetic factors. Some cysts arise as part of hereditary conditions such as polycystic kidney disease. The likelihood that a cyst is benign or malignant depends on its location and imaging appearance.

Most cysts cause no symptoms and are found incidentally on imaging. When symptoms occur, they reflect the cyst’s size and location and may include abdominal or pelvic pain, fullness, or a palpable lump. Diagnosis typically relies on ultrasound, with CT or MRI used for further evaluation; analysis of cyst fluid or blood tests may be performed to rule out infection or cancer.

Many cysts require no treatment and may resolve spontaneously. Others are managed with drainage, sclerotherapy, or surgical removal, depending on the cyst type and its effects. The prognosis is generally favorable for benign cysts, while complex or suspicious cysts may require closer monitoring or cancer-directed care.