trombektomia

Trombektomia is a medical procedure used to remove blood clots from blood vessels. It is most commonly employed in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, where a clot blocks blood flow to the brain. The procedure aims to restore blood flow as quickly as possible to minimize brain damage. Trombektomia can also be used for other conditions involving large vessel occlusions, such as clots in arteries of the limbs or within the heart.

There are two main types of trombektomia: mechanical and pharmacological. Mechanical trombektomia involves physically removing the clot using specialized devices inserted through a catheter. These devices can include stents that capture the clot, aspiration devices that suction it out, or devices that break up the clot. Pharmacological trombektomia, also known as thrombolysis, involves administering clot-dissolving medications directly to the clot via a catheter. Often, these two approaches are used in combination.

The procedure is typically performed by interventional neuroradiologists or vascular surgeons. It involves making a small incision, usually in the groin, to access a major artery. A thin, flexible tube called a catheter is then guided through the blood vessels to the location of the clot. Imaging techniques such as angiography are used throughout the procedure to visualize the blood vessels and the clot, guiding the removal process. The success of trombektomia is often measured by the degree of reperfusion achieved, meaning the restoration of blood flow. Prompt treatment is crucial for optimal outcomes in stroke patients.