triamcinolonacetonid

Triamcinolonacetonid, or triamcinolone acetonide, is a synthetic corticosteroid in the glucocorticoid class. It is used for its anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and immunosuppressive effects. The acetonide ester increases lipophilicity and skin penetration, which enhances potency in topical preparations compared with some other corticosteroids.

Triamcinolonacetonid is administered in several forms and for various indications. In dermatology it is used topically for inflammatory skin conditions such as eczema, dermatitis, and psoriasis, as well as for mucosal inflammatory conditions when applied as a paste or cream. It is also available as a nasal spray for allergic rhinitis, and in dental or oral preparations for mucosal lesions. Injectable forms are used intra-articularly or intralesionally to treat joint inflammation or localized skin conditions, and ophthalmic preparations are used for certain eye inflammations.

Mechanism of action involves binding to glucocorticoid receptors and altering gene transcription to suppress inflammatory mediators, reduce immune cell activity, and cause vasoconstriction. These effects decrease edema, redness, and itching. Pharmacokinetics depend on the preparation: topical absorption varies with formulation, skin condition, and occlusion; systemic exposure can occur with extensive or prolonged use. Metabolism is primarily hepatic, with elimination via the kidneys and bile.

Common precautions include the risk of local adverse effects such as skin atrophy, thinning, impaired wound healing, striae, and irritation. With longer or widespread use, there is potential for systemic effects such as growth suppression in children, hyperglycemia, hypertension, or Cushingoid features. Contraindications include fungal or certain viral infections in the treated area and known hypersensitivity. Triamcinolonacetonid is available by prescription in multiple dosage forms, marketed under several brand names such as Kenalog, Aristocort, and Nasacort (nasal).