intraarticularly

Intraarticularly describes something occurring within a synovial joint. In medical use, it refers to delivering a substance directly into the joint space, typically by injection or arthrocentesis, as opposed to periarticular or systemic administration.

Indications for intraarticular administration include management of joint pain and inflammation in conditions such as osteoarthritis and various inflammatory or crystal-induced arthropathies. Intraarticular injections may be used to reduce effusion, alleviate pain, and improve joint mobility. Substances commonly administered intraarticularly include corticosteroids for anti-inflammatory effect, hyaluronic acid preparations for lubrication and viscoelastic support, and local anesthetics for diagnostic or temporary analgesic purposes. In some settings, other agents may be used, depending on the joint and clinical goals.

Techniques and practice involve sterile preparation and, when appropriate, imaging guidance. The knee is the most frequently treated joint, but intraarticular injections are also performed in the shoulder, hip, ankle, elbow, and temporomandibular joint. Procedures may include prior aspiration to remove fluid, followed by injection of the chosen medication. Imaging guidance such as ultrasound or fluoroscopy can improve accuracy and safety.

Risks and contraindications should be considered. Potential complications include infection, bleeding, allergic reaction, post-injection flare, transient pain or swelling, and, with repeated corticosteroid use, possible cartilage or tissue effects. Contraindications include active joint infection, localized skin infection, coagulation disorders, or known hypersensitivity to injected substances.

Etymology: intraarticularly combines intra- (within) and articular (joint), highlighting delivery within the joint space. It contrasts with intraarticular procedures delivered periarticularly or systemically.