translucente

Translucente describes a material or surface that permits light to pass through but scatters it to such an extent that objects on the far side cannot be seen clearly. It sits between transparent and opaque on the spectrum of light transmission, producing a diffuse glow rather than a sharp image.

The term derives from Latin translucens, from trans- meaning through and lucere meaning to shine. In English it is commonly used as translucent; in other languages the form varies, such as translúcido in Spanish or traslucente in Italian. In everyday use, translucence is a characteristic of materials that blur shapes and details while still letting light through.

The optical basis of translucence involves partial transmission combined with scattering. Materials containing microstructures, impurities, or layered boundaries cause light to change direction multiple times as it passes. The result is a hazy, softened appearance rather than a clear view. The degree of translucence can depend on wavelength, thickness, and the size and distribution of scattering centers. Some materials may be translucent in visible light but transmit infrared or other bands differently.

Common examples include frosted glass, wax paper, parchment, milky plastics, jade, marble, and certain ceramics. In design and architecture, translucent materials are used to diffuse daylight, preserve privacy, or create ambient illumination. In art and photography, translucence can be exploited to produce softened textures and subtle color effects. Measurements of translucence typically involve transmittance and diffusion characteristics, often described overall as transmittance with scattering.

See also: transparency, opacity, diffusion, scattering.