translocated

Translocated is the past participle of translocate, meaning moved from one location to another. In everyday usage it describes objects, people, or organisms that have been relocated. In biology, the term is used in several specific contexts.

In genetics and cytogenetics, a translocation refers to a rearrangement of parts between non-homologous chromosomes; a cell with such rearrangements is described as translocated. Translocations can be balanced, with no genetic material gained or lost, or unbalanced, causing developmental abnormalities. They can be inherited or arise de novo. Common forms include reciprocal translocations and Robertsonian translocations. Translocations are important in cancer biology and can drive oncogenesis; characteristic translocations include t(9;22) in chronic myeloid leukemia and various leukemias and lymphomas. Detection methods include karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and sequencing.

In ecology and conservation, translocation is the deliberate movement of individuals or populations to a new location to establish new or augment existing populations, often to protect species from extinction or to restore ecosystem function. Translocations require risk assessment for ecological impact, disease, genetic diversity, and habitat suitability, and are subject to legal and ethical considerations.

In medicine, the term can describe transplanted tissues or organs, or organisms that have been moved to another anatomical site or patient, though "transplanted" is more common in describing the clinical procedure.

Used broadly, translocated conveys relocation due to human intervention or natural processes, and its implications depend on the context, from genetics and disease to conservation and ecosystem management.