transhumeralne

Transhumeralne, in medical terminology, refers to the region of the upper arm above the elbow and to procedures or devices associated with that level of the limb. The term is used in various languages, including Polish, to describe anatomy and amputation at the transhumeral level.

In anatomical and clinical use, transhumeral means located in the upper arm between the shoulder and the elbow. A transhumeral amputation is performed through the upper arm, often as a result of severe trauma, malignant tumors, infection, or nonviable tissue. The length of the residual limb can influence leverage, control, and subsequently the design of the prosthesis. Longer stumps generally offer greater maneuverability but may require more extensive fitting and rehabilitation.

Prosthetic options for transhumeral amputation typically include a socket, an elbow mechanism, a wrist joint, and a terminal device such as a hook or a hand. Elbow mechanisms may be body-powered, electrically driven, or microprocessor-controlled. Control strategies encompass harnessed cable operation, surface electromyography from residual arm muscles, pattern-recognition approaches, and, in some cases, targeted muscle reinnervation to improve signal quality and control fidelity. Ongoing advances seek to restore more natural movement, precision, and sensory feedback.

Rehabilitation focuses on proper socket fit, desensitization of the residual limb, and training to coordinate elbow movement with the terminal device. Functional outcomes depend on factors such as residual limb length and muscle health, access to prosthetic technology, and availability of rehabilitation services.