transdüser

A transdüser is a device that converts energy or information from one form into another. The term is commonly used in engineering and physics to describe components that transform physical quantities — such as pressure, displacement, light, or sound — into electrical signals, or vice versa. Transdüser operate either as sensors (measuring devices) or actuators (drivers) and are characterized by parameters such as sensitivity, linearity, frequency response, bandwidth and impedance.

Common types include piezoelectric transdüser (generate voltage from mechanical stress and used in ultrasonic probes and piezo speakers), electromagnetic transdüser (used in loudspeakers and microphones), capacitive and resistive transdüser (pressure and position sensing), optical transdüser (fiber-optic sensors and photodetectors) and thermal transdüser (thermocouples). Specialized forms include flow and pressure transdüser for process control and sonar transdüser for underwater imaging.

Materials and construction vary with application, from piezoceramics and metals to semiconductors and optical fibers. Performance depends on material properties, mechanical design, and electronic interfacing; calibration and standardization are important in measurement applications to ensure accuracy and repeatability.

Transdüser are integral to a wide range of fields including industrial automation, medical diagnostics (ultrasound), consumer electronics (microphones and speakers), and scientific instrumentation, enabling conversion between physical phenomena and usable electrical signals.