torturing

Torture is the intentional act of causing severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, to a person for purposes such as obtaining information, punishment, intimidation, or discrimination. The form and severity can vary and may incorporate repeated acts over time. Torture is distinguished by the deliberate infliction of pain rather than collateral harm, and by the aim of coercion or control rather than conquest or self-defense.

Under international law, torture is universally condemned. The United Nations Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment prohibits torture and requires states to prevent, investigate, prosecute, and punish acts of torture, as well as to provide remedies to victims. The prohibition is considered absolute; no exceptional circumstances or security concerns justify torture. Related concepts include cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, which is also prohibited in many contexts.

Historically, torture has appeared in various forms across civilizations and has been used by governments, insurgent groups, and occupying forces. International human rights mechanisms, humanitarian law, and national laws prohibit it, and many jurisdictions consider torture a crime, including war crimes and crimes against humanity.

Effects of torture extend beyond the immediate victim, affecting families, communities, and institutions. Survivors may suffer chronic physical injuries, psychological disorders, and social stigma. In practice, prevention relies on strict legal frameworks, independent investigations, accountability for perpetrators, training and oversight of security and medical personnel, and protections for whistleblowers and victims.

Ethical and legal consensus holds that torture is incompatible with human rights and the rule of law, and efforts emphasize prohibition, prevention, and redress rather than tolerance or justification.