topologij
Topology is a branch of mathematics that studies the properties of space that are preserved under continuous transformations, such as stretching, twisting, and bending, but not tearing or gluing. It is concerned with the qualitative aspects of shapes and spaces, rather than their quantitative measurements like length, area, or volume. Topology is often referred to as "rubber sheet geometry" because it deals with properties that remain unchanged when a shape is deformed like a rubber sheet.
The fundamental concept in topology is that of a topological space, which is a set equipped with
One of the most well-known areas of topology is point-set topology, which focuses on the properties of
Topology has applications in various fields, including physics, computer science, and economics. In physics, topology is
Topology is a rich and diverse field with a long history, dating back to the work of