toetoe

The toetoe (*Cypripedium* spp.) is a genus of terrestrial orchids commonly found in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, including parts of North America, Europe, and Asia. The name "toetoe" originates from Māori, referring to several species of native New Zealand orchids, particularly those in the genus *Prasophyllum* and *Corybas*, though it is sometimes colloquially applied to other orchids in the region.

Toetoes are known for their distinctive, often slipper-shaped flowers, which give the genus *Cypripedium* its common name of "lady’s slipper." These flowers are pollinated primarily by bees, which enter the slipper-like labellum (lip) in search of nectar or pollen. The flowers typically bloom in late spring to early summer, depending on the species and climate. Many toetoe species are perennial, producing clumps of grass-like leaves and tall flowering stems.

In New Zealand, toetoes are culturally significant to the Māori people, who have used various parts of these plants for medicinal and practical purposes. Some species, such as *Prasophyllum* orchids, are small and delicate, while others, like *Cypripedium calceolus* (the European lady’s slipper), can grow larger. Many toetoe species are protected due to habitat loss or overcollection, making conservation efforts important for their survival.

Toetoes thrive in moist, shaded environments, often in forests or meadows, and are generally low-maintenance in cultivation, though they require specific soil conditions and watering practices. Their unique appearance and ecological role make them a subject of interest for botanists, gardeners, and conservationists alike.