tickvirus

Tickborne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral disease transmitted to humans through the bite of infected ticks. It is caused by the tickborne encephalitis virus (TBEV), which belongs to the Flaviviridae family, the same family as the West Nile virus and dengue virus. TBEV is endemic in many parts of Europe and Asia, with distinct geographical subtypes of the virus circulating in different regions.

The incubation period for TBE typically ranges from 7 to 14 days, though it can be shorter or longer. The initial symptoms are often flu-like, including fever, headache, muscle aches, and fatigue. In a significant portion of infected individuals, the virus may not cause any symptoms at all or only mild illness. However, in some cases, TBEV can invade the central nervous system, leading to more severe neurological disease. This can manifest as meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord), encephalitis (inflammation of the brain itself), or meningoencephalitis. Neurological complications can include paralysis, cognitive impairment, seizures, and in rare instances, death.

Diagnosis of TBE is usually made through blood tests that detect antibodies against the TBEV. There is no specific antiviral treatment for TBE. Management focuses on supportive care to alleviate symptoms and manage complications. Vaccination is available and highly effective in preventing TBE and is recommended for individuals residing in or traveling to endemic areas. Prevention also involves avoiding tick bites through protective clothing, insect repellent, and checking for ticks after spending time outdoors.