thirdclass

Third class is a historical term that described the lowest passenger class on ships and trains from the 19th into the mid-20th century. It stood below first class and second class, and in some systems was closely associated with steerage—the most affordable travel option for working-class travelers and many immigrants.

Maritime use: On ocean liners, third-class accommodations were designed to maximize capacity and minimize cost. They commonly consisted of dormitory-style cabins or small private rooms, with shared washrooms and dining rooms. Amenities were limited compared with upper classes, and access to public rooms varied by ship and era. Some vessels offered separate third-class dining rooms and recreational spaces; others had more basic arrangements.

Immigration and routes: From roughly 1880 to 1920, third class carried a large share of emigrants traveling to the Americas. Fares were a fraction of first class, enabling mass migration. Conditions ranged from tolerable to crowded and uncomfortable, reflecting the pressures of commercial travel and the rapid growth of transatlantic traffic.

Rail travel: In many railway systems, third class—often called coach or third class—provided the most economical seating and sleeping options. Layouts varied by country and era; over time, safety and comfort improvements occurred, and the class gradually gave way to more modern economy designs.

Decline and legacy: After World War II, as air travel and modernized rail passenger services expanded, "third class" terms were gradually abandoned in favor of "economy" or similar branding. The historical term remains in study of maritime and transportation history, illustrating class divisions in travel.

See also: Steerage, Immigration to the United States, Ocean liner, Rail transport.