thiazidák

Thiazidák are a class of diuretic drugs widely used in the treatment of hypertension and edema. They function by inhibiting the sodium-chloride symporter in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron in the kidneys. This inhibition leads to increased excretion of sodium, chloride, and water, thereby reducing blood volume and blood pressure. Common examples of thiazide diuretics include hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone, and indapamide. They are typically administered orally and are often a first-line treatment for mild to moderate hypertension.

The mechanism of action of thiazidák involves blocking the reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions from the tubular fluid back into the bloodstream. This action results in a net loss of these electrolytes and water. While they are effective diuretics, their potency is generally less than that of loop diuretics. Thiazidák can also affect potassium levels, potentially leading to hypokalemia, and may influence calcium excretion, sometimes causing hypercalcemia. Other potential side effects include hyponatremia, dizziness, and photosensitivity. Their long-term use in hypertension management is well-established, contributing to a reduced risk of cardiovascular events. They are often used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive medications.