terror

Terror refers to an intense state of fear or alarm arising in response to an imminent threat, or to actions intended to induce such fear. The term is used in psychology to describe acute fear, in politics to describe coercive strategies, and in culture to distinguish mood and atmosphere in fiction from ordinary fear.

Terror derives from Latin terror, from terrere to frighten, entering English via Old or Middle French. The phrase "the reign of terror" popularized the term as a period of state-sponsored intimidation.

Reign of Terror during the French Revolution (roughly 1793-1794) saw mass arrests, trials, and executions conducted by the revolutionary government, led by the Committee of Public Safety. Proponents argued it protected the republic from counterrevolution; critics labeled it indiscriminate violence. The period remains a focal point in studies of political violence and state policy.

In psychology, terror denotes a sudden, overwhelming fear that impairs judgment, often linked to perception of immediate danger. It contrasts with longer-term anxiety; everyday use of terror may describe frightening events or media coverage rather than clinical conditions.

In literature and media, writers distinguish between terror and horror as modes of eliciting fear. Terror emphasizes suspense, the unknown, and anticipation of threat, while horror emphasizes graphic revelation and revulsion. This distinction guides suspenseful narratives and the portrayal of threat.

Modern usage extends to terrorism, the use of violence or intimidation to achieve political aims. Definitions vary by law and organization, but common elements include targeting noncombatants, publicity, and fear creation to pressure governments or societies. Debates surround terminology, ethics, and counterterrorism strategies.