temperanza

Temperanza is the Italian term for temperance, a virtue of moderation and self-control in desires, emotions, and actions. In moral philosophy and Christian ethics, temperanza is traditionally one of the cardinal virtues in Western thought, guiding the proper use of goods, pleasures, and impulses to achieve a balanced life.

Originating from the Latin temperantia, from temperare, to regulate or restrain, temperance is often contrasted with excess and deficiency. In classical philosophy, it is associated with holding passions in check and acting in accordance with reason. In Aristotelian ethics it relates to the mean between extremes, while in Stoic thought it aligns with living in agreement with nature.

In Catholic theology, temperanza is a cardinal virtue alongside prudence, justice, and fortitude. It directs tempering desires, such as food, drink, sex, and money, so that they serve the good rather than govern the person. It does not deny natural pleasures but prescribes their proper regulation.

Socially, temperanza has also described movements and policies aimed at reducing harmful excesses, most notably alcohol consumption, through education, regulation, or reform. In modern usage, temperanza connotes self-control and restraint in personal conduct, professional life, and public affairs.