teherelvezet

Teherelvezet, or load path, is a concept used in structural engineering to describe the sequence of structural elements through which external loads are transmitted from the point of application to the supports and foundation.

A clear and continuous load path is essential for safety, serviceability, and redundancy. It reduces the risk of local overstress, supports ductile behavior, and helps prevent disproportionate collapse during extreme events such as earthquakes or high winds.

Loads originate as gravity (dead and live loads) and lateral loads (wind, seismic, hydrostatic pressures). They flow through members such as slabs, beams, frames, walls, and braces, via connections, to columns and finally into foundations and soil. Primary paths carry the majority of forces, while secondary paths provide redundancy.

Design and analysis focus on identifying the primary load paths, ensuring adequate detailing at joints and transitions, and validating that alternate paths exist if one path is compromised. Methods include schematic load-path diagrams, simplified models, and finite-element analysis, aligned with applicable design codes.

Examples include a multi-story reinforced concrete frame where gravity loads move from slabs to beams to columns to foundations, and a steel frame where lateral forces are transferred through shear walls or moment connections to the foundations.

Understanding teherelvezet helps engineers anticipate failure modes, optimize material use, and improve resilience and repairability of buildings and bridges.