taqsimat

Taqsimat is a traditional musical form and improvisational style originating from the Middle East and North Africa, particularly prominent in Arab, Turkish, and Mediterranean musical traditions. The term "taqsim" (or "taqsimat" in plural) refers to the improvisational solo sections performed within a maqam or makam framework, serving as a showcase for a musician's skill and creativity.

In performance, a taqsim begins with the musician introducing a specific maqam, which is a modal system comprising scales, melodic development techniques, and emotional expressions. The improviser explores the maqam's scales, ornaments, and motifs, gradually developing a composed yet spontaneous musical narrative. Taqsimats often feature intricate melodic variations, ornamentation, and rhythmic improvisations, reflecting the performer's virtuosity and deep understanding of modal rules.

While taqsim is primarily instrumental, it can also be vocal. It plays a pivotal role in classical and folk music genres, such as Arab classical music, Turkish makam music, and Arabic Andalusian music. The form is often performed as a prelude to a full piece or as a stand-alone improvisation within a larger concert setting.

Taqsimats are traditionally accompanied by a drone instrument or rhythm section, such as the oud, ney, qanun, or violin, providing harmonic and rhythmic support. The improvisational nature of taqsim allows for personal expression and spontaneous musical development, making it a distinctive feature of the musical cultures in which it is practiced.