improviser

An improviser is a person who creates or performs content in the moment, without prewritten material, often under the constraints of a given form, audience input, or situational cues.

In the performing arts, improvisers appear in theatre, comedy, and music. Improvisational theatre uses structured games and scenes built in response to prompts; long-form and short-form formats are common, with performers building scenes collaboratively and often using 'yes, and' as a guiding rule.

In music, improvisers compose in real time, typically within a harmonic framework or groove. Jazz is the most widely associated form, but improvisation also appears in classical cadenzas, world music, and contemporary ensembles.

Key skills include active listening, quick decision-making, collaboration, stage presence, and the ability to manage risk and failure. Training usually involves regular rehearsal with constraints, improvisation drills, and performance in front of audiences to build trust and spontaneity.

Historically, improvisation traces to early theatre traditions such as commedia dell’arte and to many folk and ritual practices. In the 20th century, figures such as Viola Spolin and Keith Johnstone helped formalize methods; in music, improvisers like Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie popularized jazz improvisation.

Beyond performance, improvisational skills are taught in business, education, and medical fields to encourage flexible problem solving and creativity. An improviser may work informally to respond to unexpected situations, improvise practical solutions, or create content on the fly for media and digital platforms.