taqdiri

Taqdiri is a term derived from the Arabic word "taqdir," which broadly translates to destiny, fate, or divine decree. In Islamic theology, it refers to the concept of predestination, the belief that God has foreknowledge of and has ordained all that will happen. This concept is a fundamental aspect of Islamic creed, often discussed in conjunction with divine will (irada) and divine knowledge (ilm).

The understanding of taqdiri is multifaceted and has been a subject of theological debate throughout Islamic history. Some interpretations emphasize God's absolute sovereignty, suggesting that everything, including human actions, is predetermined. Other perspectives seek to balance this with human free will and responsibility, arguing that while God has knowledge of all outcomes, individuals still possess a degree of choice for which they will be held accountable.

The Quran and Hadith (sayings and actions of Prophet Muhammad) contain numerous passages that address taqdiri. These texts often encourage believers to accept what befalls them with patience and to trust in God's wisdom. The concept encourages a sense of submission to God's plan and fosters resilience in the face of adversity. It is generally understood that while God knows and has decreed all things, this does not negate human agency or the importance of striving for good and avoiding evil. The precise nature of the relationship between divine decree and human free will remains a complex theological discussion.