talocalcaneala

Talocalcaneal is an anatomical term relating to the talus and calcaneus, the two primary bones of the hindfoot. In common usage, it describes the subtalar region and the joint between these bones, as well as the ligaments and structures that stabilize that area. Some texts use talocalcaneala as an alternative spelling, referring to the same talus–calcaneus relationships.

The subtalar joint is the principal articulation between the talus and calcaneus. It involves articulations between the posterior, middle, and anterior facets of the talus with corresponding facets of the calcaneus. The joint is stabilized by several ligaments, including the interosseous talocalcaneal ligament within the tarsal sinus, the cervical (medial) talocalcaneal ligament, and the posterior and anterior talocalcaneal ligaments. These ligaments support motions and contribute to the complex movements of the hindfoot.

Functionally, the talocalcaneal (subtalar) region enables inversion and eversion of the foot and assists in adapting to uneven surfaces. Its function is integrated with other hindfoot joints, notably the talonavicular joint, to allow flexible hindfoot motion essential for gait and balance.

Clinical relevance includes conditions such as talocalcaneal coalition, a congenital fusion between the talus and calcaneus that can reduce motion and cause hindfoot pain or valgus deformity. Trauma can also affect the subtalar joint, leading to sprains or fractures. Imaging modalities such as plain radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging are used to evaluate the joint complex, associated ligaments, and coalition, guiding treatment decisions in conservative or surgical approaches.