Talocalcaneal

Talocalcaneal refers to structures associated with the articulation between the talus and calcaneus in the hindfoot. The primary talocalcaneal articulation is the subtalar joint, which links these two bones and enables inversion and eversion of the foot. The joint surfaces include the posterior facets of both bones and the smaller anterior and middle facets on the talus that articulate with corresponding facets on the calcaneus. The interosseous talocalcaneal ligament, within the tarsal canal, provides major stabilization, reinforced by anterior and posterior talocalcaneal ligaments and the surrounding joint capsule.

Functionally, the subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint allows complex hindfoot motion and works with the talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints to adjust foot position during walking. Its movements contribute to adapting the foot to uneven surfaces and to the overall gait cycle. Stability is maintained by the ligamentous complex and the joint capsule, with activity coordinated by surrounding muscles and tendons.

Clinical relevance includes talocalcaneal coalition, a congenital fusion between the talus and calcaneus that limits subtalar motion and causes hindfoot pain in adolescence. Imaging with radiographs, CT, or MRI helps characterize the coalition and its extent. Treatment ranges from conservative management (rest, NSAIDs, physical therapy, orthotics) to surgical options such as coalition resection or subtalar fusion, depending on symptoms and coalition type.