calcaneocuboid

The calcaneocuboid joint is a synovial plane joint between the calcaneus (heel bone) and the cuboid bone in the lateral part of the foot. It forms the posterior component of the transverse tarsal joint, working together with the talonavicular joint to allow limited midfoot movement that enables the foot to adapt to varied surfaces during gait.

Anatomically, the joint comprises small articular facets on the posterior aspect of the calcaneus and on the cuboid that come into contact during movement. The joint is supported by a capsule and several ligaments, including the plantar calcaneocuboid ligaments (part of the long and short plantar ligament complex), the dorsal calcaneocuboid ligaments, and portions of the bifurcated ligament that connect the calcaneus with the navicular and cuboid. These structures help stabilize the lateral column of the foot.

Functionally, the calcaneocuboid joint provides limited gliding movements between the calcaneus and cuboid. In conjunction with the talonavicular joint, it contributes to the adaptability of the transverse tarsal joint, allowing inversion, eversion, and adjustments in foot position necessary for efficient propulsion and balance.

Clinical significance involves injuries such as calcaneocuboid joint dislocation or fracture-dislocation in high-energy trauma, or secondary involvement during complex hindfoot injuries. Diagnosis typically relies on radiography and, if needed, CT or MRI to assess joint alignment and associated bony or ligamentous injuries. Treatment ranges from conservative management to surgical stabilization in cases of instability or dislocation.