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Tachycardia is a medical term used to describe a heart rate that is faster than the normal resting heart rate for a particular age. For adults, a resting heart rate is generally considered to be tachycardic if it is over 100 beats per minute. In infants and children, the heart rate thresholds are higher and vary with age.

There are several types of tachycardia, often categorized by where the abnormal electrical activity originates in the heart. These include supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), which starts in the atria or AV node, and ventricular tachycardia (VT), which originates in the ventricles. Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter are also common types of tachycardias.

The symptoms of tachycardia can vary widely. Some individuals may experience no symptoms at all, while others might feel palpitations (a sensation of a rapid or fluttering heartbeat), shortness of breath, dizziness, chest pain, or even fainting.

The causes of tachycardia are numerous and can range from lifestyle factors to serious medical conditions. Common triggers include exercise, stress, fever, dehydration, and certain medications or stimulants like caffeine and nicotine. More serious underlying causes can include heart disease, lung disease, electrolyte imbalances, anemia, thyroid problems, and congenital heart defects.

Diagnosis typically involves an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), which records the electrical activity of the heart. Depending on the suspected cause, further tests such as a Holter monitor (a portable ECG worn for 24-48 hours), echocardiogram, or stress test may be recommended.

Treatment for tachycardia depends on the specific type, its cause, and the severity of symptoms. It may involve lifestyle modifications, medications to control heart rate or rhythm, or in some cases, procedures like electrical cardioversion or catheter ablation. Prompt medical attention is advised for persistent or concerning symptoms.