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tRF3s

tRF3s are a class of small noncoding RNAs derived from the 3' end of mature transfer RNAs (tRNAs). They are part of the broader family of tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) and are typically about 18–22 nucleotides in length, though lengths can vary. These fragments originate from the 3' portion of the tRNA and often include the CCA terminus present on mature tRNAs.

Biogenesis of tRF3s involves endonucleolytic cleavage of mature tRNAs to release the 3' fragment. This processing

Functionally, tRF3s have been found to associate with Argonaute proteins in several systems, where they can

Distribution and significance reflect a widespread presence across eukaryotes, including plants, animals, and fungi. Research on

See also tRNA-derived fragments, tRF-5s, tRF-1s.

is
generally
independent
of
Dicer
and
can
involve
various
nucleases
such
as
RNase
Z
(ELAC2)
and
other
enzymes,
with
additional
involvement
of
stress-related
pathways
in
some
contexts.
The
production
and
abundance
of
tRF3s
can
be
influenced
by
cellular
state,
tissue
type,
and
environmental
stress.
participate
in
gene
regulation
in
a
miRNA-like
manner
by
guiding
the
repression
of
target
mRNAs.
They
may
also
affect
translation
by
interacting
with
components
of
the
initiation
machinery
or
ribosome.
The
specific
targets
and
effects
of
tRF3s
are
context-dependent
and
vary
with
the
tRNA
source
and
cellular
conditions.
tRF3s
is
ongoing,
with
interest
in
their
roles
in
development,
stress
responses,
cancer,
and
other
diseases,
as
well
as
their
potential
utility
as
biomarkers
or
therapeutic
targets.